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〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Marine Corps Decade Timeline | Marine Corps history )〕 |country= |type= Marine combined arms |role= Amphibious, expeditionary and aerial warfare |size= 182,000 active () 40,000 reserve () 1,166 aircraft〔(Flightglobal – World Air Forces 2015 ) (PDF), Flightglobal.com〕 |command_structure= U.S. Department of Defense |garrison= |garrison_label= Headquarters |nickname= "The Few, The Proud, The Marines", "Jarheads", "Devil Dogs", "Teufel Hünden", "Leathernecks" |motto= ''Semper Fidelis'' |colors= Scarlet, Gold |colors_label= Colors |march="Semper Fidelis" "The Marine's Hymn" |mascot= English Bulldog |equipment= |equipment_label= |battles= |anniversaries=10 November |decorations= 200px 200px Presidential Unit Citation 200px Joint Meritorious Unit Award 200px Navy Unit Commendation 200px Valorous Unit Award 200px 200px Meritorious Unit Commendation 200px French Croix de guerre 1914–1918 200px Philippine Presidential Unit Citation 200px Korean Presidential Unit Citation 200px Vietnam Gallantry Cross 200px Vietnam Civil Actions Medal |battle_honours= |commander1= President Barack Obama |commander1_label=Commander-in-Chief |commander2= The Honorable Ashton Carter |commander2_label= Secretary of Defense |commander3= The Honorable Ray Mabus |commander3_label=Secretary of the Navy |commander4= Gen Robert Neller |commander4_label= Commandant of the Marine Corps |commander5= Gen John M. Paxton, Jr. |commander5_label= Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps |commander6= SgtMaj Ronald L. Green |commander6_label= Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps |notable_commanders= |identification_symbol= 100px |identification_symbol_label= Eagle, Globe, and Anchor |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label = Flag (1939–present) |identification_symbol_3= |identification_symbol_3_label= |identification_symbol_4= |identification_symbol_4_label= }} The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing power projection, using the mobility of the United States Navy to, by Congressional mandate, rapidly-deliver combined-arms task forces on land, at sea and in the air. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest-ranking military officer in the U.S. armed forces, is a Marine Corps general. The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 1834,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. Navy Organization: An Overview )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://intelligence.senate.gov/nsaact1947.pdf )〕 working closely with naval forces for training, transportation, and logistics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://intelligence.senate.gov/nsaact1947.pdf )〕 The USMC operates posts on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world, and several of the Marines' tactical aviation squadrons, primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons, are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the Navy's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers. Two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting for independence both at sea and on shore. The role of the Corps has since grown and evolved, expanding to aerial warfare and earning popular titles such as, "America's third air force", and, "second land army". The United States Marine Corps has distinguished itself as it has served in the majority of American wars and armed conflicts, from its inception to the modern era, and attained prominence in the 20th century when its theories and practices of amphibious warfare proved prescient and ultimately formed the cornerstone of the Pacific theater of World War II. By the mid-20th century, the U.S. Marine Corps had become a major theorist and the dominant practitioner of amphibious warfare. Its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises gives it a strong role in the implementation and execution of American foreign policy. The USMC has around 194,000 active duty members and just under 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2010.〔 It is the smallest of the U.S. armed forces within the U.S. DoD.〔The United States Coast Guard is smaller, about one-fifth the size of the U.S. Marine Corps, but it is part of United States Department of Homeland Security and does not normally operate under the DoD except during times of war and directed by the U.S. president. However, it is the largest maritime force in the world, and is larger than the armed forces of many significant military powers; for example, the USMC is larger than the active duty Israel Defense Forces.〕 ==Mission== The USMC serves as an expeditionary force-in-readiness. As outlined in and as originally introduced under the National Security Act of 1947, it has three primary areas of responsibility: * The seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and other land operations to support naval campaigns; * The development of tactics, technique, and equipment used by amphibious landing forces in coordination with the Army and Air Force; and * Such other duties as the President may direct. This last clause, while seemingly redundant given the President's position as Commander-in-chief, is a codification of the expeditionary responsibilities of the Marine Corps. It derives from similar language in the Congressional acts ''"For the Better Organization of the Marine Corps"'' of 1834, and ''"Establishing and Organizing a Marine Corps"'' of 1798. In 1951, the House of Representatives' Armed Services Committee called the clause "one of the most important statutory – and traditional – functions of the Marine Corps." It noted that the corps has more often than not performed actions of a non-naval nature, including its famous actions in Tripoli, the War of 1812, Chapultepec, and numerous counter-insurgency and occupational duties (such as those in Central America), World War I, and the Korean War. While these actions are not accurately described as support of naval campaigns nor as amphibious warfare, their common thread is that they are of an expeditionary nature, using the mobility of the Navy to provide timely intervention in foreign affairs on behalf of American interests. In addition to its primary duties, the Marine Corps conducts Visit, board, search, and seizure (VBSS) operations, as well as missions in direct support of the White House and the State Department. The Marine Band, dubbed the "President's Own" by Thomas Jefferson, provides music for state functions at the White House. Marines from Ceremonial Companies A & B, quartered in Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., guard presidential retreats, including Camp David, and the Marines of the Executive Flight Detachment of HMX-1 provide helicopter transport to the President and Vice President, with the call signs "Marine One" and "Marine Two", respectively. By authority of the 1946 Foreign Service Act, the Marine Security Guards of the Marine Embassy Security Command provide security for American embassies, legations, and consulates at more than 140 posts worldwide.The relationship between the Department of State and the U.S. Marine Corps is nearly as old as the corps itself. For over 200 years, Marines have served at the request of various Secretaries of State. After World War II, an alert, disciplined force was needed to protect American embassies, consulates, and legations throughout the world. In 1947, a proposal was made that the Department of War furnish Marine Corps personnel for Foreign Service guard duty under the provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1946. A formal Memorandum of Agreement was signed between the Department of State and the Secretary of the Navy on December 15, 1948, and 83 Marines were deployed to overseas missions. During the first year of the MSG program, 36 detachments were deployed worldwide.〔http://2001-2009.state.gov/m/ds/rls/33081.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States Marine Corps」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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